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acid throwing
Acid throwing, also called an acid attack, a vitriol attack or vitriolage, is a form of violent assault〔http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2011/11/afghan-sisters-hurt-acid-attack-rejected-proposal.html〕〔http://articles.latimes.com/1992-03-19/news/gl-5793_1_father-and-son〕 defined as the act of throwing acid or a similarly corrosive substance onto the body of another "with the intention to disfigure, maim, torture, or kill." Perpetrators of these attacks throw acid at their victims, usually at their faces, burning them, and damaging skin tissue, often exposing and sometimes dissolving the bones. The most common types of acid used in these attacks are sulfuric and nitric acid. Hydrochloric acid is sometimes used, but is much less damaging. The long term consequences of these attacks may include blindness, as well as permanent scarring of the face and body,〔 along with far-reaching social, psychological, and economic difficulties.〔
Today, acid attacks are reported in many parts of the world. Since the 1990s, Bangladesh has been reporting the highest number of attacks and highest incidence rates for women,〔Taylor, L. M. (2000). Saving Face: Acid Attack Laws After the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. Ga. Journal Int'l & Comp. Law, 29, pp 395-419〕〔 with 3,512 Bangladeshi people acid attacked between 1999 and 2013.〔(Acid Attack Trend (1999-2013) ) UN Women, United Nations (2014)〕 Although acid attacks occur all over the world, including in Europe and the United States, this type of violence is mainly concentrated in South Asia.〔http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/01/11/acid.attack.fact/〕〔http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-23631395〕
==Health effects==
The most notable effect of an acid attack is the lifelong bodily disfigurement. According to the Acid Survivors Foundation in Pakistan, there is a high survival rate amongst victims of acid attacks. Consequently, the victim is faced with physical challenges, which require long-term surgical treatment, as well as psychological challenges, which require in-depth intervention from psychologists and counselors at each stage of physical recovery. These far-reaching effects on their lives impact their psychological, social and economic viability in communities.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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